Pattern of Dyslipidaemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Context: Dyslipidaemia is one of the traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and rapid progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end‑stage renal disease.
Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidaemia and assess the cardiovascular risk in various stages of CKD.
Setting and Design: A retrospective study of 109 adult pre‑dialysis CKD patients who attended nephrology outpatient clinic or admitted at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals’ Complex between 2008 and 2015.
Materials and Methods: Patients’ sociodemographic characteristics, aetiology of CKD, anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting lipid profile, electrolytes, urea and creatinine at contact were retrieved from their hospital records. Estimated glomerular filtration rate at presentation was calculated using CKD EPI equation. Dyslipidaemia was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III’s final report. Cardiovascular risk was assessed using atherogenic indices. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) >0.24 was regarded as high cardiovascular risk.
Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analysed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software version 22.
Results: A total of 109 pre‑dialysis CKD patients were studied. Overall prevalence of dyslipidaemia amongst pre‑dialysis CKD patient in this study was 90.8%. The mean serum total cholesterol, low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), very LDLc , non‑HDLc and triglycerides were 5.9 (±2.80) mmol/L, 3.6 (±2.50) mmol/L, 1.3 (±0.70) mmol/L, 0.73 (±0.40) mmol/L, 4.5 (±2.60) mmol/L and 1.6 (±1.0) mmol/L, respectively. The median AIP in the pre‑dialysis CKD cohort was 0.40 (interquartile range; 0.21–0.72), while 72.5% may be at high risk of developing CVD (AIP >0.24).
Conclusion: Dyslipidaemia is common amongst CKD patients. CKD patients show significant abnormalities of lipid metabolism which may contribute to CVD