Influence of Home‑Grown School Feeding on Nutritional Status of Schoolchildren: Findings from South‑West Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Improving the nutritional status of schoolchildren is one of the aims of home‑grown school feeding programme (HGSFP) which has been implemented in some schools in Nigeria
Objective: The study assessed the prevalence of stunting, wasting and overweight amongst home‑grown school‑fed (HGSF) and non‑HGSF (N‑HGSF) elementary school children; identified the gender differences in the nutritional status of HGSF and N‑HGSF children and compared the nutritional indices of HGSF children and N‑HGSF children at baseline, 3 months and 6 months.
Methods: The study employed a longitudinal design and was conducted in South‑west Nigeria amongst 500 elementary school children aged 5–7 years. The height and weight of each child were measured longitudinally at three waves (baseline, 3 months and 6 months). The data were analysed using the WHO AnthroPlus software and SPSS version 20. Statistical differences were determined using the repeated measures analysis of variance and paired‑wise t-test.
Results: The mean age of the children was 5.6 ± 0.67 and 6.2 ± 0.77 for the HGSF and N‑HGSF groups, respectively. At baseline, there were more stunted children in the N‑HGSF children (44.4%) than the HGSF children (22%), but wasting (12%) and underweight (23.2%) were higher in the HGSF children. Furthermore, more males in the N‑HGSF children were wasted (9.9%) and stunted (51.1%) compared to their female counterparts. However, there were no observable percentage sex differences amongst the children in the HGSF group, except that there were more females (12.8%) who were wasted compared to their male counterparts (11.3%). The findings for the wasting indicator revealed no statistically significant relationship between the HGSFP and wasting (P = 0.30, F = 1.075, η2=0.002). The findings showed a statistically significant relationship between HGSFPs and reduction in underweight (P = 0.001, F = 23.847, η2 = 0.046) and stunting (P = 0.04, F = 4.083, η2 = 0.008). Furthermore, the impact of feeding was observed in the HGSF children of both genders as there was an improvement in the nutritional status of both male and female children at 6 months.
Conclusion: There was an improvement in the nutritional status of the children in the HGSF group compared to the N‑HGSF children at both 3 and 6 months. A significant improvement in underweight and stunting was observed at 6 months than at 3 months.